More on why this matters

• Patient safety: Gaps in infection control put patients in greater, even life-threatening danger. Evidence shows that during an outbreak, 39% of air samples in a hospital contained COVID-19, and past studies indicate that hospital-acquired COVID-19 is at least 70 times more deadly than COVID contracted in the community. Shockingly, up to 63.2% of hospitalized COVID patients in Canada are infected in the hospital itself. Meanwhile, the rise of measles in Canada, the incoming flu season, and a surge in avian influenza outbreaks and measles exposures all highlight the ongoing risks from other airborne illnesses.
  
• Worker protection: Healthcare workers face the highest rates of workplace COVID claims, while just a single case of H5N1 in BC potentially exposed 60 healthcare workers. BC’s commitment to recruiting healthcare workers needs to include protecting the workers we already have, as well. This includes upgrading from surgical masks to respirators (like N95s), since CDC / NIOSH states that “[surgical masks] do not provide a reliable level of protection from aerosolized particles because of the loose fit…Surgical masks are not respiratory protective devices”.
  
• Healthcare efficiency and cost reduction: In a challenging economic environment, protecting and strengthening core services like healthcare is crucial. Omicron COVID hospitalizations alone in BC have cost an estimated $2.6 billion and rising, and medical costs rise each fiscal year​.  Studies show staff masking leads to 33% fewer hospital-onset respiratory viral infections, which could significantly lower these costs. Preventing healthcare-acquired infections can help reduce surgery delays and longer, far costlier hospitalizations. It’s also crucial to reduce staff shortages caused by acute or long-term illness, which can contribute to increased ER closures.
  
• Preventing long-term health and economic impacts: Canada’s Office of the Chief Science Advisor emphasizes that preventing COVID infection is also key to preventing Long COVID: a disabling long-term condition that is not only life-altering for many COVID survivors and loved ones, but which causes massive costs for health systems and economies. As of 2023, 1 in 9 Canadians had Long COVID, and adults with two or more COVID infections were 76% more likely to receive a new health diagnosis. The provinces are already struggling with federal health transfers that will be inadequate to cover costs related to inflation and an aging population, so minimizing preventable health costs should be a priority. This in turn reduces economic impacts: one study has found that nearly half of people with Long COVID cannot work, and Long COVID is projected to cost OECD member countries (including Canada) $135 billion US per year in economic losses over the next ten years, not including medical costs.
  
• Accessibility and health equity: Multiple polls show 85–91% of respondents delay healthcare due to lack of safety measures. British Columbians have sent tens of thousands of messages so far calling for masks in healthcare – a particularly pressing need for Indigenous, racialized, disabled, 2SLBTQIA+ and lower-income community members, all of whom continue to face disproportionate harm from illnesses like COVID-19. And of course there are many people whose health status makes them vulnerable. Lack of mitigations such as mask mandates put them in the very difficult position of risking further illness, disability or even death when accessing health care.
  
• A necessary layer: Hand hygiene does not address transmission through the air. Since many illnesses can spread before symptoms, symptom-based risk assessments alone are insufficient. While vaccination is vital, it doesn’t fully prevent COVID infections or long-term health impacts; offers less protection for many immunocompromised people (and is not possible for newborns); and is no longer required for BC healthcare workers. Masks are a low-cost, high–impact safety tool that should be used alongside these other measures to help close the gaps.
  
• An evidence-based solution: Studies show resumption of staff masking is associated with a 33% decrease in hospital-onset respiratory viral infections, while N95 masks reduce exhaled viral load by 98%. Upgrading to N95 masks in COVID wards can reduce healthcare worker infections by up to 100%. A study on SARS-CoV-1 co-authored by BC’s current Provincial Health Officer similarly found that “Consistently wearing a mask…was protective for the nurses”, and that “[r]isk was lower with consistent use of a N95 mask than with consistent use of a surgical mask.”
  
• Year-round risks: In contrast to BC’s messaging about “respiratory illness season”, NACI states that “seasonality of SARS-CoV-2 has not been established” – while other illnesses like measles and tuberculosis can also cause issues throughout the year. This is why mask protections are necessary in healthcare year round – after all, if there’s a setting where you can always expect to find sick people, it’s in healthcare!

“If there is one space that all vulnerable people should be able to rely on to prioritize their safety, it is in healthcare settings…removal of universal masking directives in healthcare settings does not uphold a human rights centred approach to public health.”

BC Human Rights Commissioner